ENVIRONMENTAL AGGRESSORS AND SKING AGING: UNRAVELING THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL FACTORS ON PHOTODAMAGE

Abstract

Abstract

Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While intrinsic aging is determined by genetic and chronological changes, extrinsic aging is accelerated by environmental factors, leading to premature skin damage. Among these, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, air pollution, climate variations, and lifestyle habits such as smoking and poor nutrition contribute significantly to photodamage and skin deterioration. These external aggressors trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, collagen degradation, and DNA damage, ultimately resulting in wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and pigmentation disorders.

This review explores the impact of key environmental factors on skin aging, emphasizing their mechanisms and long-term effects. Additionally, it highlights various preventive strategies, including the use of sunscreens, antioxidants, and lifestyle modifications to mitigate photodamage. By understanding these influences, effective interventions can be developed to maintain skin health and delay the aging process.