KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE: A REGIONAL REPORT OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS AND ITS CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Abstract

Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), also known as Kyasanur Forest Virus (KFDV) infection, is a virus that mostly affects humans and monkeys. It was first discovered in the Kyasanur Forest in Karnataka, India, in 1957, hence its name is Kyasanur Forest Disease. The Kyasanur Forest Disease virus, a member of the Flaviviridae family and a close relative of the tick-borne encephalitis virus, is the culprit behind KFD. The Haemaphysalis spinigera tick species, which act as the virus's reservoir and vector, is particularly known for carrying the disease through its bite. The primary hosts of KFDV are thought to be monkeys, which also serve as amplification hosts and help the virus propagate among tick populations. Signs and symptoms of KFD are similar to those of other viral illnesses, such as a high fever, headache, muscle soreness, and exhaustion. Some people may experience more serious symptoms, such as hemorrhagic signs and neurological issues which further resulted in death.  KFD management mostly involves supportive care to manage symptoms and avoid complications because there is no particular antiviral medication for the disease. The Kyasanur Forest Disease is primarily seen in southern India and is regarded as an emerging infectious disease with a small geographic spread. However, occasional cases and outbreaks have also been documented in nearby areas. In order to provide more efficient prevention measures and therapies for KFD, the present regional report strives to better understand the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and potential risk factors connected with this condition.The article also discusses future perspectives and strategies to address Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), providing valuable insights that could guide the development of more effective treatments and preventive measures in the future.